Mugushyiramo umubare munini wibintu bimwe na bimwe bivanga kugirango ushiremo ibyuma, ibishishwa bivanze nibyuma birwanya ruswa mubitangazamakuru bimwe na bimwe birashobora kuboneka. Icyuma kinini cya silicon cyuma nikimwe mubikoreshwa cyane. Urukurikirane rw'ibyuma bivanze birimo 10% kugeza kuri 16% silicon bita ibyuma bya silicon yo hejuru. Usibye amoko make arimo silikoni 10% kugeza 12%, muri silicon muri rusange kuva kuri 14% kugeza 16%. Iyo ibirimo bya silicon biri munsi ya 14.5%, imiterere yubukanishi irashobora kunozwa, ariko kurwanya ruswa bigabanuka cyane. Niba ibirungo bya silicon bigera kuri 18%, nubwo birwanya ruswa, ibishishwa biba byoroshye cyane kandi ntibikwiriye guterwa. Kubwibyo, ikoreshwa cyane mu nganda ni silicon nyinshi ya fer irimo silikoni 14.5% kugeza 15%. [1]
Amazina y’ubucuruzi bw’amahanga y’icyuma kinini cya silicon ni Duriron na Durichlor (arimo molybdenum), kandi ibigize imiti nkuko bigaragara mu mbonerahamwe ikurikira.
| icyitegererezo | Ibikoresho nyamukuru bigize imiti,% | ||||||
| silicon | molybdenum | chromium | manganese | sulfuru | fosifore | icyuma | |
| Silicon yo hejuru | 〉 14.25 | - | - | 0.50 ～ 0.56 | 〈0.05 | 〈0.1 | Guma |
| Molybdenum irimo icyuma kinini cya silicon | 〉 14.25 | 〉 3 | 少量 | 0.65 | 〈0.05 | 〈0.1 | Guma |
Kurwanya ruswa
Impamvu ituma ibyuma byinshi-silikoni ikora ibyuma birimo silikoni irenga 14% ifite imbaraga zo kurwanya ruswa ni uko silikoni ikora firime ikingira igizwe na Not ruswa.
Muri rusange, icyuma kinini cya silicon gifite ibyuma birwanya ruswa mu itangazamakuru rya okiside ndetse no kugabanya aside. Irashobora kwihanganira ubushyuhe butandukanye hamwe nubushuhe bwa acide nitric, acide sulfurike, aside acike, aside hydrochloric mubushyuhe busanzwe, aside irike nibindi bitangazamakuru byinshi. ruswa. Ntabwo irwanya ruswa n’ibitangazamakuru nka aside hydrochloric yubushyuhe bwo hejuru, aside sulfure, aside hydrofluoric, halogene, umuti wa alkali caustic na alkali yashongeshejwe. Impamvu yo kutagira ruswa irwanya ruswa nuko firime ikingira hejuru iba ishonga bitewe na alkali ya caustic, kandi igahinduka gaze munsi ya acide hydrofluoric, yangiza firime ikingira.
Ibikoresho bya mashini
Ibyuma bya silikoni yo hejuru irakomeye kandi iravunika hamwe nubukanishi bubi. Igomba kwirinda kugira ingaruka kandi ntishobora gukoreshwa mugukora imiyoboro. Ubusanzwe gukina ntibishobora gukorwa usibye gusya.
Imikorere
Ongeraho ibintu bimwe na bimwe bivangavanze kuri silicon yo hejuru yicyuma birashobora kunoza imikorere yayo. Ongeramo isi idasanzwe ya magnesium ivanze nicyuma kinini cya silicon kirimo silikoni 15% irashobora kweza no gutesha agaciro, kunoza imiterere ya matrix yicyuma, kandi ikanashushanya grafite, bityo bikazamura imbaraga, kurwanya ruswa no gutunganya imikorere yicyuma; kuri casting Performance nayo yarateye imbere. Usibye gusya, iki cyuma kinini cya silicon gishobora nanone guhindurwa, gukanda, gucukurwa, no gusanwa mubihe bimwe. Nyamara, biracyakwiriye gukonja gitunguranye no gushyuha gitunguranye; Kurwanya kwangirika kwayo kurutwa nicyuma gisanzwe cya silikoni isanzwe. , itangazamakuru ryamenyereye rirasa cyane.
Ongeraho 6.5% kugeza 8.5% umuringa kumashanyarazi ya silicon yo hejuru arimo 13.5% kugeza 15% silicon irashobora kunoza imikorere yimashini. Kurwanya ruswa bisa nkibisanzwe bya silikoni isanzwe isanzwe, ariko ni bibi muri acide ya nitric. Ibi bikoresho birakwiriye gukora pompe zipompa nintoki zidashobora kwangirika kwangirika no kwambara. Imikorere yo gutunganya irashobora kandi kunozwa mugabanya ibintu bya silicon no kongeramo ibintu bivanga. Ongeramo chromium, umuringa nibintu bidasanzwe byubutaka muri silicon cast fer irimo silikoni 10% kugeza 12% (bita ferrosilicon yo hagati) irashobora kunoza ubwitonzi no gutunganya. Irashobora guhindurwa, gucukurwa, gukanda, nibindi, kandi mubitangazamakuru byinshi, kurwanya ruswa biracyari hafi yicyuma kinini cya silicon.
Hagati ya silicon iciriritse hamwe na silicon irimo 10% kugeza 11%, hiyongereyeho 1% kugeza 2,5% molybdenum, 1.8% kugeza kuri 2.0% umuringa na 0.35% mubintu bidasanzwe byubutaka, imikorere yimashini iratera imbere, kandi irashobora guhindurwa kandi irwanya. Kurwanya ruswa bisa nkibya silicon yo hejuru. Imyitozo yerekanye ko ubu bwoko bwicyuma gikoreshwa nkumuntu utera pompe ya acide ya nitricike mu musemburo wa acide ya nitric ndetse no gutera pompe ya acide sulfurike yo gukama chlorine, kandi ingaruka ni nziza cyane.
Ibyuma byavuzwe haruguru hejuru ya silicon ifite ibyuma bidafite imbaraga zo kurwanya aside hydrochloric. Mubisanzwe, barashobora gusa kurwanya ruswa muri acide ya hydrochlorike nkeya mubushyuhe bwicyumba. Mu rwego rwo kunoza ruswa yo kwangirika kwa silikoni nyinshi ikozwe muri acide hydrochloric (cyane cyane aside hydrochloric aside), molybdenum irashobora kwiyongera. Kurugero, kongeramo 3% kuri 4% molybdenum kumyuma mwinshi wa silicon hamwe na silikoni ifite 14% kugeza 16% irashobora kubona icyuma cya Molybdenum kirimo icyuma kinini cya silicon cyuma kizakora firime irinda molybdenum oxychloride hejuru yubutaka munsi ya casting munsi ya Igikorwa cya aside hydrochloric. Ntishobora gushonga muri aside ya hydrochlorike, bityo ikongerera cyane ubushobozi bwayo bwo kurwanya aside hydrochloric kwangirika kwubushyuhe bwinshi. Kurwanya ruswa ntigihinduka mubindi bitangazamakuru. Iki cyuma kinini-silicon cyuma nacyo cyitwa chlorine-irwanya ibyuma. [1]
Gutunganya ibyuma byinshi bya silicon
Icyuma kinini cya silicon cuma gifite ibyiza byo gukomera (HRC = 45) hamwe no kurwanya ruswa. Yakoreshejwe nk'ibikoresho byo gukanika kashe ya mashini mu gukora imiti. Kubera ko ibyuma bikozwemo silikoni 14-16%, birakomeye kandi byoroshye, hariho ingorane zimwe na zimwe mu kuyikora. Nyamara, binyuze mu myitozo ikomeza, byagaragaye ko icyuma kinini cya silikoni gishobora gukorerwa mu bihe bimwe na bimwe.
Icyuma kinini cya silicon gitunganyirizwa kumusarani, umuvuduko wa spindle ugenzurwa kuri 70 ~ 80 rpm, naho ibiryo byibikoresho ni mm 0,01. Mbere yo guhindukira gukabije, impande za casting zigomba kuba ziri kure. Umubare ntarengwa wo kugaburira guhinduka ni rusange kuri 1,5 kugeza kuri 2 mm kumurimo wakazi.
Igikoresho cyo guhindura ibikoresho umutwe ni YG3, naho igikoresho cyibikoresho ni ibikoresho byuma.
Icyerekezo cyo guca inyuma. Kubera ko icyuma kinini cya silicon cyuma cyoroshye cyane, gukata bikorwa bivuye hanze kugeza imbere ukurikije ibikoresho rusange. Mu kurangiza, inguni zizacibwa kandi impande zizacibwa, bigatuma igihangano gikurwaho. Ukurikije imyitozo, gukata inyuma birashobora gukoreshwa kugirango wirinde gukata no gukata, kandi umubare wanyuma wo gukata icyuma cyoroheje ugomba kuba muto.
Bitewe nuburemere buke bwicyuma-silikoni cyinshi, icyuma gikata cyibikoresho byo guhinduranya bitandukanye nibikoresho bisanzwe bihinduka, nkuko bigaragara ku ishusho iburyo. Ubwoko butatu bwo guhindura ibikoresho mwishusho bifite inguni mbi. Igice kinini cyo gukata hamwe nigice cya kabiri cyo gukata igikoresho cyo guhindura gifite impande zitandukanye ukurikije imikoreshereze itandukanye. Shushanya a yerekana igikoresho cyimbere ninyuma kizenguruka igikoresho, inguni nyamukuru yo gutandukana A = 10 °, hamwe nu mpande ya kabiri ya B = 30 °. Ishusho b yerekana igikoresho cyanyuma cyo guhindura, inguni nyamukuru yo kugabanuka A = 39 °, hamwe nu mpande ya kabiri yo kugabanuka B = 6 °. Igishushanyo C cyerekana igikoresho cyo guhinduranya bevel, inguni nyamukuru yo gutandukana = 6 °.
Gucukura umwobo mu cyuma kinini cya silikoni ikorerwa muri mashini irambirana. Umuvuduko wa spindle ni 25 kugeza 30 rpm naho ibiryo ni 0.09 kugeza 0.13 mm. Niba diameter yo gucukura ari mm 18 kugeza kuri 20, koresha ibyuma byububiko hamwe nuburemere bukomeye bwo gusya umuzenguruko. (Urusenda ntirukwiye kuba rwimbitse). Igice cya karbide YG3 cyinjijwe mumutwe wa biti umutwe hamwe nubutaka kugeza ku nguni ibereye gucukura ibikoresho rusange, bityo gucukura birashobora gukorwa muburyo butaziguye. Kurugero, mugihe ucukura umwobo urenze mm 20, urashobora kubanza gucukura umwobo 18 kugeza kuri 20, hanyuma ugakora umwitozo ukurikije ubunini busabwa. Umutwe wa myitozo ya biti ushyizwemo ibice bibiri bya karbide (ibikoresho bya YG3 bikoreshwa), hanyuma bigahinduka igice kimwe. Kwagura umwobo cyangwa kuwuhindura ukoresheje saber.
Porogaramu
Bitewe no kurwanya aside iruta iyindi, icyuma kinini cya silicon cicyuma cyakoreshejwe cyane mukurinda ruswa. Icyiciro gisanzwe cyane ni STSil5, ikoreshwa cyane mugukora pompe ya centrifugal irwanya aside, imiyoboro, iminara, guhanahana ubushyuhe, kontineri, indangagaciro ninkoko, nibindi.
Muri rusange, icyuma-silikoni gikozwe mucyuma kiravunika, bityo rero hagomba kwitonderwa cyane mugihe cyo gushiraho, kubungabunga, no gukoresha. Ntugakubite inyundo mugihe cyo kuyishyiraho; inteko igomba kuba yuzuye kugirango wirinde guhangayikishwa cyane; impinduka zikomeye mubitandukaniro ryubushyuhe cyangwa gushyushya byaho birabujijwe rwose mugihe gikora, cyane cyane iyo utangiye, uhagarara cyangwa usukura, ubushyuhe no gukonjesha bigomba gutinda; ntibikwiye gukoreshwa nkibikoresho byingutu.
Irashobora gukorwa mumashanyarazi atandukanye arwanya ruswa, pompe ya Nessler vacuum, inkoko, indangagaciro, imiyoboro imeze idasanzwe hamwe nu miyoboro ihuza imiyoboro, imiyoboro, amaboko ya venturi, gutandukanya inkubi y'umuyaga, iminara ya denitrification hamwe niminara ihumanya, itanura ryibanze hamwe nimashini zabanje gukaraba, n'ibindi Mu gukora aside nitricike yibanze, ubushyuhe bwa acide ya nitric iri hejuru ya 115 kugeza 170 ° C iyo ikoreshejwe nkinkingi. Pompe ya nitricike yibanze ya pompe ikora aside nitricike hamwe na 98%. Ikoreshwa nkumuvuduko wubushyuhe hamwe numunara wapakiwe kuri aside ivanze ya acide sulfurike na aside nitric, kandi imeze neza. Gushyushya itanura rya lisansi mugutunganya umusaruro, iminara ya acide anhydride ya minisiteri hamwe niminara ya benzene yo kubuza umusaruro wa selile triacetate, pompe ya acide yo mu bwoko bwa acide acetique glacial acide acide sulfurike, hamwe na pompe zitandukanye za acide cyangwa umunyu hamwe ninkoko, nibindi, nibindi. byose bikoreshwa murwego rwohejuru. Silicon ikora icyuma.
Umuringa mwinshi wa silicon umuringa (GT alloy) urwanya ruswa ya alkali na sulfurike, ariko ntabwo irwanya aside nitric. Ifite alkali nziza kuruta aluminiyumu ikozwe nicyuma kinini. Irashobora gukoreshwa muri pompe, impellers na bushing zangirika cyane kandi zishobora kwambara nabi.
Igihe cyo kohereza: Gicurasi-30-2024
