Gutunganya ibishishwa ninzira aho icyuma gishongeshejwe cyujuje ibyangombwa gisukwa mububiko bwihariye, kandi imiterere, ingano, nibikorwa byabonetse nyuma yo gukonjesha no gukomera. Ikoreshwa cyane mu kirere, mu modoka, mu gukora ibikoresho by'imashini no mu zindi nganda kubera ibimenyetso byayo byiza nko kubumba byoroshye, kugiciro gito, no gukoresha igihe gito.
Gutera ikoranabuhanga mu gihugu cyacu ntabwo ari ikoranabuhanga rishya, ahubwo ni umurage ndangamuco ufite amateka maremare. Nyamara, uburyo bwa gakondo bwo gutoranya ntabwo bwashoboye guhaza ibikenewe bigezweho byo guta ibicuruzwa mubijyanye nubwiza bwibishushanyo mbonera. Kubwibyo, uburyo bwo gukora tekinoroji nshya ya casting bisaba ibiganiro byimbitse nubushakashatsi. Ugereranije nubundi buryo bwo gutunganya no gushiraho, ubusobanuro bwibikorwa byo gukina birakennye, kandi imiterere yimiterere ntabwo ari nziza nko guhimba. Kubwibyo, uburyo bwo kunoza ukuri kwa casting no guhuza imiterere yimiterere nayo ikwiye kwitabwaho nubushakashatsi.
Ibikoresho byububiko birashobora kuba umucanga, ibyuma cyangwa se ceramic. Ukurikije ibisabwa, uburyo bwakoreshejwe buratandukanye. Ni ibihe bintu biranga buri gikorwa cyo gukina? Nibihe bicuruzwa bibereye?
1. Gutera umucanga
Ibikoresho byo guta: ibikoresho bitandukanye
Ubwiza bwo guta: garama mirongo - toni mirongo kugeza kuri toni amagana
Gutera ubuziranenge bwubutaka: bukennye
Imiterere yo gukina: byoroshye
Igiciro cy'umusaruro: hasi
Igipimo cyo gusaba: Uburyo bukoreshwa cyane muri casting. Guhindura intoki birakwiriye kubice bimwe, uduce duto hamwe na casting nini zifite imiterere igoye gukoresha imashini ibumba. Imashini yerekana imashini ikwiranye no hagati na ntoya ikozwe mubice.
Ibiranga inzira: Kwerekana intoki: byoroshye kandi byoroshye, ariko bifite umusaruro muke, imbaraga nyinshi zumurimo, hamwe nuburinganire buke hamwe nubuziranenge bwubuso. Imashini yerekana imashini: uburinganire buringaniye nubuziranenge bwubuso, ariko ishoramari ryinshi.
Gutera umucanga nuburyo bukoreshwa cyane mu guta inganda muri iki gihe. Irakwiriye kubikoresho bitandukanye. Amavuta ya ferrous hamwe na ferrous feries irashobora guterwa hamwe numusenyi. Irashobora kubyara casting kuva kuri garama icumi kugeza kuri toni icumi kandi nini. Ingaruka zo guta umucanga nuko ishobora kubyara gusa imyubakire ifite ibintu byoroshye. Inyungu nini yo guta umucanga ni: igiciro gito cyo gukora. Nyamara, kubijyanye no kurangiza hejuru, guta ibyuma, hamwe nubucucike bwimbere, ni bike. Kubyerekeranye no kwerekana imiterere, birashobora kuba byakozwe n'intoki cyangwa imashini. Guhindura intoki birakwiriye kubice bimwe, uduce duto hamwe na casting nini zifite imiterere igoye gukoresha imashini ibumba. Imashini yerekana imashini irashobora kunoza cyane ubuso bwuzuye kandi buringaniye, ariko ishoramari ni rinini.
2. Gutera ishoramari
Ibikoresho byo guta: gutera ibyuma hamwe na ferrous fer
Gutanga ubuziranenge: garama nyinshi --- ibiro byinshi
Gutera ubuziranenge bwubuso: nibyiza cyane
Imiterere yo gukina: ibintu byose bigoye
Igiciro cy'umusaruro: Mubikorwa rusange, bihendutse kuruta gutunganya neza.
Igipimo cyo gushyira mu bikorwa: Ibyiciro bitandukanye byoroheje kandi bigoye gutondeka neza ibyuma bikozwe mucyuma hamwe no gushonga hejuru cyane, cyane cyane bikwiranye no gushushanya ibihangano hamwe nibice bya tekinike.
Ibiranga inzira: uburinganire buringaniye, ubuso bworoshye, ariko umusaruro muke.
Igikorwa cyo gushora imari cyatangiye mbere. Mu gihugu cyanjye, gahunda yo gushora imari yakoreshejwe mugukora imitako yabanyacyubahiro mugihe cyimpeshyi nimpeshyi. Gutera ishoramari muri rusange biragoye kandi ntibikwiye kubakinnyi benshi. Inzira iragoye kandi iragoye kugenzura, kandi ibikoresho byakoreshejwe nibikoreshwa birahenze cyane. Kubwibyo, birakwiriye kubyara ibice bito bifite imiterere igoye, ibisabwa bihanitse, cyangwa bigoye gukora ibindi gutunganya, nka moteri ya turbine.
3. Gutakaza ifuro
Ibikoresho byo guta: ibikoresho bitandukanye
Gutera misa: garama nyinshi kugeza kuri toni nyinshi
Gutera hejuru yubuziranenge: byiza
Imiterere yo gukina: biragoye
Igiciro cy'umusaruro: munsi
Igipimo cyo gusaba: birenze kandi binini bitandukanye bivanze mubice bitandukanye.
Ibiranga inzira: Uburinganire bwukuri bwa casting buri hejuru, ubwisanzure bwo gukina bwa casting ni bunini, kandi inzira iroroshye, ariko gutwika icyitegererezo bifite ingaruka zimwe kubidukikije.
Gutakaza ifuro yatakaye ni uguhuza no guhuza moderi ya paraffin cyangwa ifuro isa nubunini nubunini kuri casting mumatsinda yicyitegererezo. Nyuma yo koza amarangi yangiritse no gukama, bashyingurwa mumucanga wa quartz yumye kandi bahinda umushyitsi, hanyuma bagasukwa kumuvuduko mubi kugirango bahumeke icyitegererezo. , uburyo bushya bwo guteramo ibyuma byamazi bifata umwanya wikitegererezo kandi bigakomera kandi bigakonja kugirango bikore. Gutakaza ifuro ryatakaye ni inzira nshya idafite hafi ya marge kandi neza. Iyi nzira ntisaba gufata ifu, nta buso butandukana, kandi nta mucanga wumucanga. Kubwibyo, gutoranya ntigira flash, burrs nigishushanyo mbonera, kandi kigabanya igiciro cyibikoresho. Amakosa yikigereranyo yatewe no guhuza.
Uburyo bwa cumi na rimwe bwo gukina bufite imiterere itandukanye. Mu gutunganya umusaruro, uburyo bukwiye bwo gutoranya bugomba gutoranywa kubakinnyi batandukanye. Mubyukuri, biragoye kuvuga ko bigoye-gukura-gukina gukina bifite ibyiza byuzuye. Mu musaruro, buriwese ahitamo inzira ikoreshwa nuburyo bukoreshwa hamwe nigiciro gito.
4. Gukina hagati
Ibikoresho byo guta: icyuma gikozwe mucyuma, icyuma cyangiza
Gutanga ubuziranenge: ibiro icumi kugeza kuri toni nyinshi
Gutera hejuru yubuziranenge: byiza
Imiterere yo gukina: muri rusange silindrike
Igiciro cy'umusaruro: munsi
Igipimo cyo gukoreshwa: ntoya kugeza nini nini yo kuzunguruka kumubiri hamwe no guhuza imiyoboro ya diameter zitandukanye.
Ibiranga inzira: Castings ifite uburinganire buringaniye, hejuru yuburinganire, imiterere yuzuye, hamwe nubushobozi buhanitse.
Centrifugal casting bivuga uburyo bwo guteramo ibyuma bisukwa bisukwa mubibumbano byuzuzanya, byuzuzwa kandi bigakomera muri casting hakoreshejwe imbaraga za centrifugal. Imashini ikoreshwa muri centrifugal casting yitwa centrifugal casting mash.
Ipatanti ya mbere yo guta centrifugal yatanzwe n’umwongereza Erchardt mu 1809. Ntabwo mu ntangiriro z'ikinyejana cya makumyabiri aribwo buryo bwakoreshejwe buhoro buhoro mu musaruro. Mu myaka ya za 1930, igihugu cyacu cyatangiye no gukoresha imiyoboro ya centrifugal hamwe na silinderi nka pisine, amaboko y'umuringa, imirongo ya silinderi, ibyuma bya bimetallic bishyigikiwe n'intoki z'umuringa, n'ibindi. Gutera Centrifugal ni uburyo bukomeye; hiyongereyeho, mumashanyarazi yihanganira ubushyuhe, ibyuma bimwe bidasanzwe bidafite ibyuma, imashini yumisha ingoma hamwe n’ahandi hantu hakorerwa, uburyo bwo guta centrifugal nabwo bukoreshwa neza cyane. Kugeza ubu, hashyizweho imashini ikora imashini zikoresha imashini zikoresha imashini zikoresha imashini zikoresha imashini zikoresha imashini zikoresha imashini zikoresha imashini zikoresha imashini zikoresha imashini zikoresha imashini zikoresha imashini.
5. Umuvuduko muke
Ibikoresho byo guta: ibishishwa bidafite ferrous
Gutanga ubuziranenge: garama icumi kugeza ku kilo icumi
Gutera hejuru yubuziranenge: byiza
Imiterere ya casting: igoye (intandaro yumucanga irahari)
Igiciro cy'umusaruro: Igiciro cy'umusaruro w'icyuma ni kinini
Igipimo cyo gushyira mu bikorwa: uduce duto, cyane cyane ibyiciro binini binini kandi biciriritse bidafite ferrous alloy casting, kandi birashobora kubyara inkuta zoroshye.
Ibiranga inzira: Imiterere ya casting ni nyinshi, umusaruro wibikorwa ni mwinshi, ibikoresho biroroshye, kandi imashini zitandukanye zishobora gukoreshwa, ariko umusaruro ni muke.
Gutera umuvuduko muke nuburyo bwo gutaramo ibyuma byamazi byuzuza ifu kandi bigakomera mugukina munsi ya gaze yumuvuduko ukabije. Umuvuduko ukabije w’ibanze wakoreshwaga cyane cyane mu gukora aluminiyumu ya aluminiyumu, nyuma ikoreshwa ryarushijeho kwagurwa kugira ngo ikore umuringa, ibyuma ndetse n’ibyuma bifite aho bishonga.
6. Gutera igitutu
Ibikoresho byo guta: aluminiyumu, magnesium
Gutanga ubuziranenge: garama nyinshi kugeza ku kilo icumi
Gutera hejuru yubuziranenge: byiza
Imiterere ya casting: igoye (intandaro yumucanga irahari)
Ibiciro byumusaruro: Imashini zipfa gupfa hamwe nibishusho bihenze gukora
Igipimo cyo gushyira mu bikorwa: Umusaruro mwinshi wibintu bito bito n'ibiciriritse bidafite ferrous alloy casting, ibyuma bikikijwe n'inkuta zoroshye, hamwe na casting idashobora kwihanganira.
Ibiranga inzira: Castings ifite uburinganire buringaniye, hejuru yuburinganire, imiterere yuzuye, umusaruro mwinshi, hamwe nigiciro gito, ariko ikiguzi cyimashini zipfa no kubumba ni kinini.
Gutera igitutu bifite ibintu bibiri byingenzi biranga: umuvuduko mwinshi hamwe no kwihuta kwuzuza ibipapuro bipfa. Ikoreshwa ryayo inshinge zisanzwe ni kuva ku bihumbi byinshi kugeza ku bihumbi mirongo kPa, cyangwa ndetse nka 2 × 105kPa. Umuvuduko wuzuye ni nka 10-50m / s, kandi rimwe na rimwe irashobora no kugera kuri 100m / s. Igihe cyo kuzuza ni kigufi cyane, mubisanzwe murwego rwa 0.01-0.2s. Ugereranije nubundi buryo bwo gukina, gupfa bipfa bifite ibyiza bitatu bikurikira: ubuziranenge bwibicuruzwa byiza, uburinganire buringaniye bwabakinnyi, mubisanzwe bihwanye nicyiciro cya 6 kugeza 7, cyangwa kugeza mucyiciro cya 4; kurangiza neza neza, mubisanzwe bihwanye nicyiciro cya 5 kugeza 8; imbaraga Ifite ubukana buhanitse, kandi imbaraga zayo muri rusange ziri hejuru ya 25 ~ 30% kurenza iy'umucanga, ariko kuramba kwayo kugabanukaho hafi 70%; ifite ibipimo bihamye kandi bisimburana neza; irashobora gupfa-ikozwe neza kandi ikikijwe. Kurugero, uburebure bwurukuta ntarengwa rwa zinc alloy bipfa guta ibice bishobora kugera kuri 0.3mm; uburebure bwurukuta ntarengwa rwa aluminium alloy casting irashobora kugera kuri 0.5mm; byibuze umwobo wa casting ni 0.7mm; naho urudodo ntarengwa ni 0,75mm.
Igihe cyo kohereza: Nyakanga-08-2024
