Intangiriro
Gukina nubuhanga bwambere bwo gutunganya ubushyuhe bwumuriro bwizewe nabantu, hamwe namateka yimyaka 6.000. Ubushinwa bwinjiye mu bihe byiza byo guta umuringa hagati ya 1700 mbere ya Yesu na 1000 mbere ya Yesu, kandi ubukorikori bwabwo bugeze ku rwego rwo hejuru cyane. Ibikoresho byububiko birashobora kuba umucanga, ibyuma cyangwa se ceramic. Ukurikije ibisabwa, uburyo bwakoreshejwe buratandukanye. Ni ibihe bintu biranga buri gikorwa cyo gukina? Nibihe bicuruzwa bibereye?
1. Gutera umucanga
Ibikoresho byo guta: ibikoresho bitandukanye
Gutanga ubuziranenge: garama icumi kugeza kuri toni mirongo, toni amagana
Gutera ubuziranenge bwubutaka: bukennye
Imiterere yo gukina: byoroshye
Igiciro cy'umusaruro: hasi
Igipimo cyo gusaba: Uburyo bukoreshwa cyane muri casting. Guhindura intoki birakwiriye kubice bimwe, uduce duto hamwe na casting nini zifite imiterere igoye gukoresha imashini ibumba. Imashini yerekana imashini ikwiranye no hagati na ntoya ikozwe mubice.
Ibiranga inzira: Kwerekana intoki: byoroshye kandi byoroshye, ariko bifite umusaruro muke, imbaraga nyinshi zumurimo, hamwe nuburinganire buke hamwe nubuziranenge bwubuso. Imashini yerekana imashini: uburinganire buringaniye nubuziranenge bwubuso, ariko ishoramari ryinshi.
Ibisobanuro muri make: Gutera umucanga nuburyo bukoreshwa cyane mu guta inganda muri iki gihe. Irakwiriye kubikoresho bitandukanye. Amavuta ya ferrous hamwe na ferrous feries irashobora guterwa hamwe numusenyi. Irashobora kubyara casting kuva kuri garama icumi kugeza kuri toni icumi kandi nini. Ingaruka zo guta umucanga nuko ishobora kubyara gusa imyubakire ifite ibintu byoroshye. Inyungu nini yo guta umucanga ni: igiciro gito cyo gukora. Nyamara, kubijyanye no kurangiza hejuru, guta ibyuma, hamwe nubucucike bwimbere, ni bike. Kubyerekeranye no kwerekana imiterere, birashobora kuba byakozwe n'intoki cyangwa imashini. Guhindura intoki birakwiriye kubice bimwe, uduce duto hamwe na casting nini zifite imiterere igoye gukoresha imashini ibumba. Imashini yerekana imashini irashobora kunoza cyane ubuso bwuzuye kandi buringaniye, ariko ishoramari ni rinini.
2.Gushora imari
Ibikoresho byo guta: gutera ibyuma hamwe na ferrous fer
Gutanga ubuziranenge: garama nyinshi kugeza ku kilo byinshi
Gutera ubuziranenge bwubuso: nibyiza cyane
Imiterere yo gukina: ibintu byose bigoye
Igiciro cy'umusaruro: Iyo byakozwe cyane, bihendutse kuruta umusaruro wakozwe neza.
Igipimo cyo gushyira mu bikorwa: Ibyiciro bitandukanye byoroheje kandi bigoye gutondeka neza ibyuma bikozwe mucyuma hamwe no gushonga hejuru cyane, cyane cyane bikwiranye no gushushanya ibihangano hamwe nibice bya tekinike.
Ibiranga inzira: uburinganire buringaniye, ubuso bworoshye, ariko umusaruro muke.
Ibisobanuro muri make: Igikorwa cyo gushora imari cyatangiye mbere. Mu gihugu cyacu, gahunda yo gushora imari yakoreshejwe mugukora imitako kubanyacyubahiro mugihe cyimpeshyi nimpeshyi. Gutera ishoramari muri rusange biragoye kandi ntibikwiye kubakinnyi benshi. Inzira iragoye kandi iragoye kugenzura, kandi ibikoresho byakoreshejwe nibikoreshwa birahenze cyane. Kubwibyo, birakwiriye kubyara ibice bito bifite imiterere igoye, ibisabwa bihanitse, cyangwa bigoye gukora ibindi gutunganya, nka moteri ya turbine.
3. Gutakaza ifuro
Ibikoresho byo guta: ibikoresho bitandukanye
Gutera misa: garama nyinshi kugeza kuri toni nyinshi
Gutera hejuru yubuziranenge: byiza
Imiterere yo gukina: biragoye
Igiciro cy'umusaruro: munsi
Igipimo cyo gusaba: birenze kandi binini bitandukanye bivanze mubice bitandukanye.
Ibiranga inzira: Uburinganire bwukuri bwa casting buri hejuru, ubwisanzure bwo gushushanya bwa casting ni bunini, kandi inzira iroroshye, ariko gutwika ishusho bifite ingaruka zimwe kubidukikije.
Ibisobanuro muri make: Gutakaza ifuro ryabuze ni uguhuza no guhuza moderi ya paraffin cyangwa ifuro isa nubunini nubunini hamwe na casting mubice by'icyitegererezo. Nyuma yo koza amarangi yangiritse no kumisha, bashyingurwa mumucanga wa quartz yumye kandi bahinda umushyitsi, hanyuma bagasukwa kumuvuduko mubi kugirango bakore cluster yicyitegererezo. Uburyo bushya bwo gukina aho icyitegererezo kiva, icyuma cyamazi gifata umwanya wikitegererezo, kandi kigakomera kandi kigakonja kugirango gikore. Gutakaza ifuro ryatakaye ninzira nshya idafite hafi ya marge kandi neza. Iyi nzira ntisaba gufata ifu, nta buso butandukana, kandi nta mucanga wumucanga. Kubwibyo, gutoranya ntigira flash, burrs, nigishushanyo mbonera, kandi kigabanya umubare wibintu byingenzi. Amakosa yikigereranyo yatewe no guhuza.
Uburyo bwa cumi na rimwe bwo gukina bufite imiterere itandukanye. Mu gutunganya umusaruro, uburyo bukwiye bwo gutoranya bugomba gutoranywa kubakinnyi batandukanye. Mubyukuri, biragoye kuvuga ko bigoye-gukura-gukina gukina bifite ibyiza byuzuye. Mu musaruro, buriwese ahitamo inzira ikoreshwa nuburyo bukoreshwa hamwe nigiciro gito.
4. Gukina hagati
Ibikoresho byo guta: icyuma gikozwe mucyuma, icyuma cyangiza
Gutanga ubuziranenge: ibiro icumi kugeza kuri toni nyinshi
Gutera hejuru yubuziranenge: byiza
Imiterere yo gukina: muri rusange silindrike
Igiciro cy'umusaruro: munsi
Igipimo cyo gukoreshwa: ntoya kugeza nini nini yo kuzunguruka kumubiri hamwe no guhuza imiyoboro ya diameter zitandukanye.
Ibiranga inzira: Castings ifite uburinganire buringaniye, hejuru yuburinganire, imiterere yuzuye, hamwe nubushobozi buhanitse.
Ibisobanuro muri make: Centrifugal casting (centrifugal casting) bivuga uburyo bwo guteramo ibyuma byamazi bisukwa mubibumbano byuzuzanya, byuzuzwa kandi bigakomera mugukina hifashishijwe imbaraga za centrifugal. Imashini ikoreshwa muri centrifugal casting yitwa centrifugal casting mash.
Patent ya mbere yo guta centrifugal yatanzwe n’umwongereza Erchardt mu 1809. Mu ntangiriro z'ikinyejana cya makumyabiri ni bwo ubwo buryo bwatangiye gukoreshwa mu musaruro. Mu myaka ya za 1930, igihugu cyacu cyatangiye no gukoresha imiyoboro ya centrifugal hamwe na silinderi nka pisine, amaboko y'umuringa, imirongo ya silinderi, ibyuma bya bimetallic bishyigikiwe n'intoki z'umuringa, n'ibindi. Gutera Centrifugal ni uburyo bukomeye; hiyongereyeho, mumashanyarazi yihanganira ubushyuhe, ibyuma bimwe bidasanzwe bidafite ibyuma, imashini yumisha ingoma hamwe n’ahandi hantu hakorerwa, uburyo bwo guta centrifugal nabwo bukoreshwa neza cyane. Kugeza ubu, hashyizweho imashini zikoresha imashini zikoresha imashini zikoresha imashini zikoresha imashini zikoresha imashini zikoresha imashini zikoresha imashini zikoresha imashini zikoresha imashini zikoresha imashini zikoresha imashini zikoresha imashini.
5. Umuvuduko muke
Ibikoresho byo guta: ibishishwa bidafite ferrous
Gutanga ubuziranenge: garama icumi kugeza ku kilo icumi
Gutera hejuru yubuziranenge: byiza
Imiterere ya casting: igoye (intandaro yumucanga irahari)
Igiciro cy'umusaruro: Igiciro cy'umusaruro w'icyuma ni kinini
Igipimo cyo gushyira mu bikorwa: uduce duto, cyane cyane ibyiciro binini binini kandi biciriritse bidafite ferrous alloy casting, kandi birashobora kubyara inkuta zoroshye.
Ibiranga inzira: Imiterere ya casting ni nyinshi, umusaruro wibikorwa ni mwinshi, ibikoresho biroroshye, kandi imashini zitandukanye zishobora gukoreshwa, ariko umusaruro ni muke.
Ibisobanuro muri make: Gutera umuvuduko muke nuburyo bwo guteramo ibyuma byamazi byuzuza ifumbire kandi bigakomera muri casting munsi ya gaze yumuvuduko ukabije. Umuvuduko ukabije w’ibanze wakoreshwaga cyane cyane mu gukora aluminiyumu ya aluminiyumu, nyuma ikoreshwa ryarushijeho kwagurwa kugira ngo ikore umuringa, ibyuma ndetse n’ibyuma bifite aho bishonga.
6. Gutera igitutu
Ibikoresho byo guta: aluminiyumu, magnesium
Gutanga ubuziranenge: garama nyinshi kugeza ku kilo icumi
Gutera hejuru yubuziranenge: byiza
Imiterere ya casting: igoye (intandaro yumucanga irahari)
Ibiciro byumusaruro: Imashini zipfa gupfa hamwe nibishusho bihenze gukora
Igipimo cyo gushyira mu bikorwa: Umusaruro mwinshi wibintu bito bito n'ibiciriritse bidafite ferrous alloy casting, ibyuma bikikijwe n'inkuta zoroshye, hamwe na casting idashobora kwihanganira.
Ibiranga inzira: Castings ifite uburinganire buringaniye, hejuru yuburinganire, imiterere yuzuye, umusaruro mwinshi, hamwe nigiciro gito, ariko ikiguzi cyimashini zipfa no kubumba ni kinini.
Ibisobanuro muri make: Gutera igitutu bifite ibintu bibiri byingenzi biranga: umuvuduko mwinshi hamwe no kwihuta kwuzuza ibipapuro bipfa. Ikoreshwa ryayo inshinge zisanzwe ni kuva ku bihumbi byinshi kugeza ku bihumbi mirongo kPa, cyangwa ndetse nka 2 × 105kPa. Umuvuduko wuzuye ni nka 10 ~ 50m / s, kandi rimwe na rimwe birashobora no kugera kuri 100m / s. Igihe cyo kuzuza ni kigufi cyane, mubisanzwe murwego rwa 0.01 ~ 0.2s. Ugereranije nubundi buryo bwo gukina, gupfa bipfa bifite ibyiza bitatu bikurikira: ubuziranenge bwibicuruzwa byiza, uburinganire buringaniye bwabakinnyi, mubisanzwe bihwanye nurwego 6 kugeza 7, cyangwa kugeza kurwego rwa 4; kurangiza neza neza, mubisanzwe bihwanye nurwego 5 kugeza 8; imbaraga Ifite ubukana buhanitse, kandi imbaraga zayo muri rusange ziri hejuru ya 25% kugeza 30% kurenza iy'umucanga, ariko kuramba kwayo kugabanuka nka 70%; ifite ibipimo bihamye kandi bisimburana neza; irashobora gupfa-ikozwe neza kandi ikikijwe. Kurugero, uburebure bwurukuta ntarengwa rwa zinc alloy bipfa guta ibice bishobora kugera kuri 0.3mm; uburebure bwurukuta ntarengwa rwa aluminium alloy casting irashobora kugera kuri 0.5mm; byibuze umwobo wa casting ni 0.7mm; naho urudodo ntarengwa ni 0,75mm.
Igihe cyo kohereza: Gicurasi-18-2024
