Kwiga Kubijyanye no Gutunganya Ubushyuhe bwa ZG06Cr13Ni4Mo Martensitike Yumuti Wicyuma

Abstract: Ingaruka zuburyo butandukanye bwo kuvura ubushyuhe kumikorere ya ZG06Cr13Ni4Mo ibikoresho byakozwe. Ikizamini cyerekana ko nyuma yo kuvura ubushyuhe kuri 1 010 ℃ bisanzwe + 605 temp ubushyuhe bwibanze + 580 ℃ ubushyuhe bwa kabiri, ibikoresho bigera kumurongo ngenderwaho mwiza. Imiterere yacyo ni karubone nkeya ya martensite + ihinduranya austenite, ifite imbaraga nyinshi, ubukonje buke n'ubukonje bukwiye. Yujuje ibyangombwa bisabwa mubisabwa mugukoresha umusaruro munini wo gutunganya ubushyuhe.
Ijambo ryibanze: ZG06Cr13NI4Mo; martensitike idafite ibyuma; icyuma
Ibyuma binini nibice byingenzi muri turbine hydropower. Imiterere ya serivise yibice irakaze cyane, kandi ikorerwa ingaruka zumuvuduko ukabije wamazi, kwambara no gutwarwa nisuri igihe kirekire. Ibikoresho byatoranijwe muri ZG06Cr13Ni4Mo martensitike ibyuma bitagira umuyonga hamwe nibikoresho byiza bya tekinike kandi birwanya ruswa. Hamwe nogutezimbere amashanyarazi n'amashanyarazi bifitanye isano nini nini, ibisabwa byashyizwe hejuru kugirango hakorwe ibikoresho byuma bidafite ingese nka ZG06Cr13Ni4Mo. Kugira ngo ibyo bishoboke, bifatanije n’ikigereranyo cy’umusaruro wa ZG06C r13N i4M o icyuma kinini cy’ibikoresho bikoresha amashanyarazi mu gihugu, binyuze mu kugenzura imbere ibikoresho bigize imiti y’ibikoresho, kugereranya uburyo bwo kugereranya ubushyuhe no gupima ibisubizo by’ibizamini, uburyo bwiza bwashyizwe mu bikorwa + ubushyuhe bubiri uburyo bwo kuvura ZG06C r13N i4M o ibikoresho byuma bidafite umwanda byiyemeje kubyaza umusaruro wujuje ibyangombwa bisabwa.

1 Igenzura ryimbere ryimiterere yimiti
ZG06C r13N i4M o ibikoresho nimbaraga zikomeye za martensitike zidafite ibyuma, zisabwa kugira imiterere yubukanishi hamwe nubushyuhe bwiza bwo hasi. Kugirango tunonosore imikorere yibikoresho, imiti yagenzuwe imbere, bisaba w (C) ≤ 0.04%, w (P) ≤ 0.025%, w (S) ≤ 0.08%, kandi gaze yagenzuwe. Imbonerahamwe 1 irerekana imiterere yimiti igenzura ibintu byimbere hamwe nibisubizo byisesengura ryibintu bigize imiti yicyitegererezo, naho imbonerahamwe ya 2 yerekana ibisabwa byimbere mu gihugu imbere ya gaze yibikoresho hamwe nisesengura ryibisubizo bya gaze.

Imbonerahamwe 1 Ibigize imiti (igice kinini,%)

element	C	Mn	Si	P	S	Ni	Cr	Mo	Cu	Al
ibisabwa bisanzwe	≤0.06	≤1.0	≤0.80	≤0.035	≤0.025	3.5-5.0	11.5-13.5	0.4-1.0	≤0.5
Ibikoresho Kugenzura Imbere	≤0.04	0.6-0.9	1.4-0.7	≤0.025	.00.008	4.0-5.0	12.0-13.0	0.5-0.7	≤0.5	.040.040
Gisesengura ibisubizo	0.023	1.0	0.57	0.013	0.005	4.61	13.0	0.56	0.02	0.035

Imbonerahamwe 2 Ibirimo gaze (ppm)

gaze	H	O	N
Ibisabwa kugenzura imbere	≤2.5	≤80	50150
Gisesengura ibisubizo	1.69	68.6	119.3

Ibikoresho bya ZG06C r13N i4M o byashongeshejwe mu itanura ry’amashanyarazi ya t 30, ritunganywa mu itanura rya 25T LF kugira ngo rivange, rihindure imiterere n’ubushyuhe, kandi ryangirika kandi ryangirika mu itanura rya 25T VOD, bityo ubone ibyuma bishongeshejwe hamwe na karuboni ntoya cyane, ibice bimwe, ubuziranenge bwinshi, nibirimo gaze byangiza. Hanyuma, insinga ya aluminiyumu yakoreshejwe mu kwangiza bwa nyuma kugirango igabanye umwuka wa ogisijeni mu byuma bishongeshejwe no kurushaho kunonosora ibinyampeke.
Ikizamini cyo kuvura ubushyuhe
2.1 Gahunda yikizamini
Umubiri wa casting wakoreshejwe nkumubiri wikizamini, ubunini bwikizamini cyari 70mm × 70mm × 230mm, kandi kuvura ubushyuhe bwambere byoroshe annealing. Nyuma yo gusuzuma ibitabo, ibipimo byo gutunganya ubushyuhe byatoranijwe ni: guhuza ubushyuhe 1 010 ℃, ubushyuhe bwibanze bwa 590 ℃, 605 ℃, 620 ℃, ubushyuhe bwa kabiri ubushyuhe 580 and, hamwe nuburyo butandukanye bwo gukoresha ubushyuhe bwakoreshejwe mugupimisha kugereranya. Gahunda y'ibizamini irerekanwa mu mbonerahamwe ya 3.

Imbonerahamwe 3 Gahunda yo gupima ubushyuhe

Gahunda yo kugerageza	Uburyo bwo gupima ubushyuhe	Imishinga y'indege
A1	1 010 ℃ Gusanzwe + 620 ℃ Ubushyuhe	Imiterere ya Tensile Ingaruka zikomeye Gukomera HB Ibikoresho byo kugonda Microstructure
A2	1 010 ℃ Ubusanzwe + 620 ering Ubushyuhe + 580 ℃ Ubushyuhe
B1	1 010 ℃ Gusanzwe + 620 ℃ Ubushyuhe
B2	1 010 ℃ Ubusanzwe + 620 ering Ubushyuhe + 580 ℃ Ubushyuhe
C1	1 010 ℃ Gusanzwe + 620 ℃ Ubushyuhe
C2	1 010 ℃ Ubusanzwe + 620 ering Ubushyuhe + 580 ℃ Ubushyuhe

2.2 Isesengura ryibisubizo
2.2.1 Isesengura ryimiti
Duhereye ku bisubizo by'isesengura ry'ibigize imiti n'ibirimo gaze mu mbonerahamwe ya 1 no mu mbonerahamwe ya 2, ibintu by'ingenzi n'ibirimo gaze bihuye n'urwego rwagenzuwe neza.
2.2.2 Isesengura ryibisubizo byibizamini
Nyuma yo kuvura ubushyuhe ukurikije gahunda zitandukanye zipimishije, ibizamini byo kugereranya imitungo byakozwe hakurikijwe GB / T228.1-2010, GB / T229-2007, na GB / T231.1-2009. Ibisubizo byubushakashatsi bigaragara mu mbonerahamwe ya 4 na Imbonerahamwe 5.

Imbonerahamwe 4 Imiterere yimikorere yuburyo butandukanye bwo gutunganya ubushyuhe

Gahunda yo kugerageza	Rp_0.2/ Mpa	Rm / Mpa	A / ％	Z / ％	A_KV/ J (0 ℃）	Agaciro gakomeye HBW
bisanzwe	50550	50750	≥15	≥35	≥50	210 ~ 290
A1	526	786	21.5	71	168、160、168	247
A2	572	809	26	71	142、143、139	247
B1	588	811	21.5	71	153、144、156	250
B2	687	851	23	71	172、165、176	268
C1	650	806	23	71	147、152、156	247
C2	664	842	23.5	70	147、141、139	263

Imbonerahamwe 5 Ikizamini cyo kunama

Gahunda yo kugerageza	Ikizamini cyo kunama （d = 25 ， a = 90 °）	gusuzuma
B1	Crack5.2 × 1.2mm	Kunanirwa
B2	Nta gucamo	babishoboye

Uhereye ku kugereranya no gusesengura imiterere yubukanishi: (1) Ubusanzwe + ubushyuhe bwo kuvura ubushyuhe, ibikoresho birashobora kubona imiterere yubukanishi, byerekana ko ibikoresho bifite ubukana bwiza. . . . ya 23%, ubukana bwingaruka zirenga 160J kuri 0 ℃, ubukana buringaniye bwa 268HB, hamwe nubushobozi bujuje ibisabwa, byose byujuje ibyangombwa bisabwa.
2.2.3 Isesengura ryimiterere
Imiterere yicyuma cyibikoresho B1 na B2 byapimwe byasesenguwe hakurikijwe GB / T13298-1991. Igishushanyo cya 1 cyerekana imiterere yuburyo busanzwe + 605 ℃ ubushyuhe bwa mbere, naho ishusho ya 2 yerekana imiterere ya metallografiya yo gusanzwe + ubushyuhe bwa mbere + ubushyuhe bwa kabiri. Uhereye ku igenzura no gusesengura ibyuma, imiterere nyamukuru ya ZG06C r13N i4M o nyuma yo kuvura ubushyuhe ni karuboni nkeya ya lath martensite + ihinduye austenite. Uhereye ku isesengura ryimiterere ya metallografiya, lath martensite bundles yibikoresho nyuma yubushyuhe bwa mbere ni muremure kandi muremure. Nyuma yubushyuhe bwa kabiri, imiterere ya matrix ihinduka gato, imiterere ya martensite nayo iranonosowe gato, kandi imiterere irasa; mubijyanye nimikorere, imbaraga zumusaruro hamwe na plastike byatejwe imbere kurwego runaka.

Igishushanyo 1 ZG06Cr13Ni4Mu bisanzwe bisanzwe + microstructure imwe

Igishushanyo 2 ZG06Cr13Ni4Bisanzwe bisanzwe + inshuro ebyiri ubushyuhe bwimiterere

2.2.4 Isesengura ryibisubizo
1) Ikizamini cyemeje ko ZG06C r13N i4M o ibikoresho bifite gukomera. Binyuze mubisanzwe + ubushyuhe bwo kuvura ubushyuhe, ibikoresho birashobora kubona ibikoresho byiza bya mashini; imbaraga zumusaruro hamwe nibintu bya plastike (kuramba) byubushyuhe bubiri nyuma yubusanzwe bwo kuvura ubushyuhe buri hejuru cyane yubushyuhe bumwe.
) Austenite ihindagurika muburyo bwubushyuhe ifite ubushyuhe buhanitse kandi ifite ingaruka zikomeye kumiterere yubukanishi, imiterere yingaruka no guta no gusudira ibintu. Kubwibyo, ibikoresho bifite imbaraga nyinshi, ubukana bwa plastike ndende, ubukana bukwiye, guhangana neza no gukata no gusudira nyuma yo kuvura ubushyuhe.
3) Gusesengura impamvu zo kunoza imikorere yubushyuhe bwa kabiri bwa ZG06C r13N i4M o. Nyuma yo gukora ibisanzwe, gushyushya no kubika ubushyuhe, ZG06C r13N i4M o ikora austenite nziza cyane nyuma ya austenitisation, hanyuma igahinduka martensite ya karubone nkeya nyuma yo gukonja vuba. Mu bushyuhe bwa mbere, karubone irenze urugero muri martensite igwa muburyo bwa karbide, bityo bikagabanya imbaraga zibikoresho kandi bikazamura plastike nubukomezi bwibintu. Bitewe nubushyuhe bwo hejuru bwubushyuhe bwa mbere, ubushyuhe bwa mbere butanga umusaruro mwiza cyane rever austenite wongeyeho martensite. Izi rezo ya austenite ihindurwamo igice cya martensite mugihe cyo gukonjesha, bitanga ibisabwa kugirango nucleation no gukura bihamye bya austenite ihamye yongeye kubyara mugihe cya kabiri cyubushyuhe. Intego yubushyuhe bwa kabiri ni ukubona bihagije austenite ihamye. Izi rezo ya austenite irashobora guhinduka mugice mugihe cyo guhindura plastike, bityo bikazamura imbaraga na plastike yibikoresho. Bitewe nubushobozi buke, ntibishoboka kwitegereza no gusesengura revers austenite, ubwo rero ubu bushakashatsi bugomba gufata imiterere yubukanishi na microstructure nkibikoresho nyamukuru byubushakashatsi bwo gusesengura kugereranya.
3 Gusaba umusaruro
ZG06C r13N i4M o nimbaraga zikomeye zidafite ingese ibyuma bikozwe mubyuma bifite imikorere myiza. Iyo umusaruro nyirizina wibyuma bikorwa, ibigize imiti nibisabwa kugenzura imbere bigenwa nubushakashatsi, hamwe nuburyo bwo gutunganya ubushyuhe bwa kabiri busanzwe + ubushyuhe bukoreshwa mubikorwa. Uburyo bwo gutunganya ubushyuhe bwerekanwe ku gishushanyo cya 3. Kugeza ubu, umusaruro w’amashanyarazi 10 manini yararangiye, kandi imikorere yose yujuje ibyo uyikoresha asabwa. Batsinze umukoresha wongeye kugenzura kandi babonye isuzuma ryiza.
Kubiranga ibyuma bigoramye bigoramye, ibipimo binini bya kontour, imitwe yikigina cyinshi, hamwe no guhindura ibintu byoroshye no guturika, hagomba gufatwa ingamba zimwe na zimwe mugikorwa cyo gutunganya ubushyuhe:
1) Umutwe wumutwe uri hasi kandi icyuma kiri hejuru. Gahunda yo gupakira itanura yemejwe kugirango byoroherezwe guhinduka, nkuko bigaragara ku gishushanyo cya 4;
)
3) Icyiciro cyo gushyushya igice cyakazi kigabanijwe inshuro nyinshi kugirango ugabanye imitegekere yumuteguro wa casting mugihe cyo gushyushya kugirango wirinde gucika.
Ishyirwa mu bikorwa ryingamba zo kuvura ubushyuhe butuma ubwiza bwo gutunganya ubushyuhe bwicyuma.

Igishushanyo 3 ZG06Cr13Ni4Mu buryo bwo gutunganya ubushyuhe

Igishushanyo 4 Gahunda yo gutunganya ubushyuhe bwo gutwika itanura

4 Imyanzuro
1) Hashingiwe ku igenzura ryimbere ryimiterere yimiti yibikoresho, binyuze mugupima uburyo bwo gutunganya ubushyuhe, hemejwe ko uburyo bwo gutunganya ubushyuhe bwa ZG06C r13N i4M o ibikoresho bikomeye byuma bidafite ibyuma ni inzira yo gutunganya ubushyuhe bwa 1 0.10
2) ZG06C r13N i4M o ibikoresho bifite gukomera. Imiterere nyuma yo gukora ibisanzwe + inshuro ebyiri ubushyuhe bwo kuvura ubushyuhe ni karuboni nkeya ya lath martensite + revers austenite ifite imikorere myiza, ifite imbaraga nyinshi, ubukana bwa plastike ndende, ubukana bukwiye, kurwanya neza gukata no gukora neza no gusudira.
3) Gahunda yo gutunganya ubushyuhe bwo gukora + inshuro ebyiri ubushyuhe bugenwa nubushakashatsi bukoreshwa muburyo bwo gutunganya ubushyuhe bwo gukora ibyuma binini, kandi ibintu bifatika byose byujuje ibyifuzo byumukoresha.

Igihe cyo kohereza: Jun-28-2024