Hariho uburyo bwinshi bukoreshwa muburyo bwo kuvura ubushyuhe bwicyuma.
Mu miterere yicyuma cyangirika, grafite ni serefegitura, kandi ingaruka zayo zo kwangirika no kwangiza kuri matrise ni ntege nke ugereranije na flake grafite. Imikorere yicyuma cyimyanda ahanini biterwa na matrix imiterere, kandi ingaruka za grafite ni iya kabiri. Kunoza imiterere ya matrix ya fer ductile hifashishijwe uburyo butandukanye bwo kuvura ubushyuhe burashobora kunoza imiterere yubukanishi kuburyo butandukanye. Bitewe ningaruka ziterwa nimiti, igipimo cyo gukonjesha, imiti ya spheroidizing nibindi bintu, imiterere ivanze ya ferrite + pearlite + cementite + grafite ikunze kugaragara muburyo bwa cast-cast, cyane cyane kurukuta ruto rwa casting. Intego yo kuvura ubushyuhe nugushaka imiterere isabwa bityo tukanonosora imiterere yubukanishi.
Uburyo bukoreshwa muburyo bwo kuvura ubushyuhe bwa fer ductile nuburyo bukurikira.
(1) Ubushyuhe buke bwo gushushanya ubushyuhe bwo gushyushya 720 ~ 760 ℃. Ikonjeshwa mu itanura kugeza munsi ya 500 ℃ hanyuma ikonjesha umwuka. Gusenya eutectoid cementite kugirango ubone ibyuma byangirika hamwe na materique ferrite kugirango utezimbere ubukana.
. Kuraho imiterere yera kandi ubone ibyuma bya ductile hamwe na matrix ya ferrite, itezimbere plastike, igabanya ubukana kandi ikongera ubukana.
. Kugirango ugabanye imihangayiko, ongeramo uburyo bwo gutuza: 500 ~ 600 ℃ kugirango ubone pearlite + umubare muto wa ferrite + imiterere ya Graphite, yongerera imbaraga, ubukana no kwambara birwanya.
. Kugirango ugabanye imihangayiko, ongeramo uburyo bwo gutuza: 500 ~ 600 ℃ kugirango ubone pearlite + umubare muto wicyuma gitatanye Imiterere yumubiri igera kubintu byiza byubukanishi.
.
.
Mugihe cyo kuvura ubushyuhe no gushyushya, ubushyuhe bwa casting bwinjira mu itanura muri rusange buri munsi ya 350 ° C. Umuvuduko wo gushyushya biterwa nubunini nuburemere bwa casting, kandi byatoranijwe hagati ya 30 ~ 120 ° C / h. Ubushyuhe bwo kwinjira mu itanura kubice binini kandi bigoye bigomba kuba biri hasi kandi ubushyuhe bugomba kuba buhoro. Ubushyuhe bwo gushyuha bushingiye kumiterere ya matrix hamwe nibigize imiti. Igihe cyo gufata giterwa nubunini bwurukuta rwa casting.
Byongeye kandi, ibyuma byangiza byuma bishobora kandi kuzimya hejuru hifashishijwe inshuro nyinshi, inshuro ziciriritse, urumuri nubundi buryo kugirango ubone ubukana bwinshi, kwambara birwanya umunaniro. Irashobora kandi kuvurwa na nitride yoroshye kugirango irusheho kunanirwa kwambara.
1.Kuzimya no kugabanya imiti yicyuma
Gukuramo imyanda bisaba gukomera cyane nkibikoresho, kandi ibice byicyuma akenshi bizimya kandi bigashyuha mubushyuhe buke. Inzira ni: gushyushya casting ku bushyuhe bwa 860-900 ° C, ukayitera kugirango matrike yumwimerere yose igabanuke, hanyuma ukayikonjesha mumavuta cyangwa umunyu ushongeshejwe kugirango uzimye, hanyuma ushushe kandi ukomeze kuri 250-350 ° C kugirango ushushe, kandi matrix yumwimerere ihindurwamo Fire martensite kandi igumana imiterere ya austenite, imiterere yumwimerere ya grafite ya grafite ntigihinduka. Abakinnyi bavuwe bafite ubukana bwinshi nubukomere bumwe, bagumana amavuta yo kwisiga ya grafite, kandi byanonosoye kwambara.
Ibyuma byangiza, nkibice bya shaft, nka crankshafts hamwe nudukoni duhuza moteri ya mazutu, bisaba ibikoresho byubukanishi byuzuye imbaraga nimbaraga zikomeye. Ibice by'ibyuma bigomba kuzimwa no gutwarwa. Inzira ni: icyuma gishyushye gishyuha ku bushyuhe bwa 860-900 ° C hanyuma kigashyirwa mu bikorwa kugira ngo matrise igabanuke, hanyuma ikonjeshwa mu mavuta cyangwa umunyu ushongeshejwe kugira ngo igere, hanyuma igashyuha ku bushyuhe bwo hejuru bwa 500-600 ° C kugeza shaka imiterere ya troostite. . Nyuma yo kuvurwa, imbaraga nubukomezi bihuye neza kandi birakwiriye kumikorere yibice bya shaft.
2. Gufata ibyuma byimyanda kugirango utezimbere ubukana
Mugihe cyo gutara ibyuma byangirika, icyuma gisanzwe cyumuhondo cyumuhondo gifite imyuka nini yo kwera hamwe nihungabana ryimbere. Biragoye kubona matrise nziza ya ferrite cyangwa pearlite kubice byuma. Kugirango tunonosore ihindagurika cyangwa ubukana bwibice byicyuma, ibyuma bikozwemo akenshi Ibice bishyuha kugeza kuri 900-950 ° C kandi bigakomeza gushyuha mugihe gihagije cyo gukora annealing yubushyuhe bwinshi, hanyuma bikonja kugeza kuri 600 ° C hanyuma bikonja y'itanura. Mugihe cyibikorwa, simaite muri matrix ibora muri grafite, naho grafite igwa muri austenite. Iyi shusho ikusanyiriza hafi ya grafike yumwimerere, kandi matrix ihindurwa rwose ferrite.
Niba imiterere ya as-cast igizwe na matrix (ferrite + pearlite) matrix na grafike ya grafitike, kugirango tunonosore ubukana, simaite muri pearlite igomba gusa kubora hanyuma igahinduka ferrite na grafitike. Kubwiyi ntego, igice cyicyuma kigomba gushyuha. Nyuma yo gukingirwa hejuru no munsi yubushyuhe bwa eutectoid ya 700-760 ℃, itanura rikonja kugeza kuri 600 ℃ hanyuma rikonjeshwa mu itanura.
3. Gusanzwe kugirango utezimbere imbaraga zicyuma
Intego yo guhuza ibyuma byimyanda ni uguhindura matrix muburyo bwiza bwa pearlite. Inzira nugususurutsa ibyuma byimyanda hamwe na matrix ya ferrite na pearlite kubushyuhe bwa 850-900 ° C. Ferrite yumwimerere na pearlite bihindurwamo austenite, hamwe na grafitike ya serefegitura imwe yashonga muri austenite. Nyuma yo kubika ubushyuhe, austenite ikonjesha ikirere ihinduka pearlite nziza, bityo imbaraga zo guta imyanda zikiyongera.
Igihe cyo kohereza: Gicurasi-08-2024
