Ibigize imiti yumucanga wubutaka ni Al2O3 na SiO2, naho icyiciro cyumucanga wumucanga ceramic nicyiciro cya corundum nicyiciro cya mullite, hamwe nicyiciro gito cya amorphous. Ubucucike bwumucanga wubutaka burenze 1800 ° C, kandi nibikoresho bikomeye bya aluminium-silicon.
Ibiranga umucanga ceramic
● Kwanga cyane;
Co Coefficient ntoya yo kwagura ubushyuhe;
● Amashanyarazi menshi;
Imiterere igereranije, imiterere ntoya, ibintu byiza kandi byoroshye;
Surface Ubuso bworoshye, nta gucamo, nta guturika;
Material Ibikoresho bidafite aho bibogamiye, bikwiranye nibikoresho bitandukanye byo guta;
● Ibice bifite imbaraga nyinshi kandi ntibimeneka byoroshye;
Ingano Ingano yubunini iragutse, kandi kuvanga birashobora gutegurwa ukurikije ibisabwa.
Gukoresha Umucanga Ceramic mumashanyarazi
1.
Block Guhagarika Cylinder hamwe na silindiri umutwe nibyingenzi byingenzi bya moteri
● Imiterere yu mwobo w'imbere iragoye, kandi ibisabwa kugirango uburinganire bwuzuye kandi bisukure imbere
Atch Icyiciro kinini
Kugirango habeho gukora neza umusaruro nubuziranenge bwibicuruzwa,
Sand Umusenyi wicyatsi (cyane cyane Hydrostatic styling line) umusaruro winteko ukoreshwa muri rusange.
Ores Amabuye yumucanga muri rusange akoresha agasanduku gakonje hamwe na resin yatwikiriwe n'umusenyi (shell core), kandi ibice bimwe byumucanga bikoresha agasanduku gashyushye.
● Bitewe nuburyo bugoye bwimiterere yumucanga wumurongo wa silinderi hamwe no guta umutwe, ibice bimwe byumucanga bifite agace gato kambukiranya igice, igice cyoroshye cyane cyibice bimwe na bimwe bya silinderi hamwe na kote yamazi ya jacket ni 3-3.5mm gusa, kandi umucanga uciriritse, intandaro yumucanga nyuma yo guterwa izengurutswe nicyuma gishushe cyane mugihe kirekire, biragoye koza umucanga, kandi harakenewe ibikoresho byihariye byogusukura, nibindi. Kera, umucanga wa silika yose wakoreshwaga muguterera umusaruro, wateje imitsi hamwe nibibazo byo gufatira kumusenyi mumazi ya jacket yamazi ya silinderi n'umutwe wa silinderi. Ihinduka ryibanze nibibazo byibanze birasanzwe kandi biragoye kubikemura.
Mu rwego rwo gukemura ibibazo nk'ibi, guhera mu mwaka wa 2010, amwe mu masosiyete azwi cyane yo guterura moteri yo mu gihugu, nka FAW, Weichai, Shangchai, Shanxi Xinke, n'ibindi, yatangiye ubushakashatsi no kugerageza ikoreshwa ry'umucanga w’ibumba kugira ngo atange amashanyarazi, silindiri umutwe wamazi ikoti, hamwe namavuta. Kuringaniza umusenyi bingana gukuraho cyangwa kugabanya inenge nko gucengera imbere munda, gufata umucanga, guhindura umusenyi, hamwe na cores zacitse.
Kurikira amashusho yakozwe numusenyi ceramic hamwe nimbeho ikonje.
Kuva icyo gihe, umucanga wa ceramique uvanze n'umusenyi wagiye uzamurwa buhoro buhoro mu isanduku ikonje no mu gasanduku gashyushye, kandi ushyirwa kuri silindiri yo mu mutwe wa jacket. Amaze imyaka irenga 6 mu musaruro uhamye. Kugeza ubu imikoreshereze yubusanduku bukonje bwumusenyi ni: ukurikije imiterere nubunini bwumusenyi wumusenyi, umubare wumucanga ceramic wongeyeho ni 30% -50%, igiteranyo cya resin yongeyeho ni 1.2% -1.8%, na imbaraga zingana ni 2.2-2.7 MPa. (Laboratoire y'icyitegererezo cyo gupima)
Incamake
Guhagarika cilinder hamwe nuduce twicyuma kirimo ibyuma byinshi byimbere byimbere, kandi ubushyuhe bwo gusuka buri hagati ya 1440-1500 ° C. Igice cyiziritse cyane cyumusenyi cyumucyo byoroshye mugihe cyicyuma gishushe cyane cyicyuma gishongeshejwe, nkicyuma gishongeshejwe cyinjira mumucanga, cyangwa kigatanga reaction kugirango kibe umucanga uhamye. Kwangirika kwumusenyi wubutaka burenze 1800 ° C, Hagati aho, ubwinshi bwumucanga wumubumbyi mwinshi ni mwinshi, ingufu za kinetic zingingo zumucanga zifite diameter imwe n'umuvuduko wikubye inshuro 1,28 ugereranije nu mucanga wa silika iyo urasa umucanga, ushobora ongera ubwinshi bwimisozi.
Izi nyungu nimpamvu zituma ikoreshwa ryumucanga ceramic rishobora gukemura ikibazo cyumucanga uguma mumyanya yimbere ya silinderi.
Ikoti y'amazi, gufata no gusohora ibice bya silinderi n'umutwe wa silinderi akenshi bifite inenge. Umubare munini wubushakashatsi hamwe nubukorikori bwerekanye ko intandaro yintandaro yimitsi iterwa hejuru yumukino ari uguhindura icyiciro cyo kwaguka kwumucanga wa silika, utera guhagarika ubushyuhe biganisha kumeneka hejuru yumusenyi, utera icyuma gishongeshejwe kwinjirira mumacenga, imyumvire yimitsi irakomeye cyane cyane mugasanduku gakonje. Mubyukuri, igipimo cyo kwagura ubushyuhe bwumucanga wa silika kiri hejuru ya 1.5%, mugihe igipimo cyo kwagura ubushyuhe bwumucanga ceramic ni 0.13% gusa (gishyuha kuri 1000 ° C muminota 10). Amahirwe yo guturika ni mato cyane aho hejuru yumusenyi kubera guhangayika kwinshi. Gukoresha umucanga ceramic mumucanga wumurongo wa silinderi hamwe numutwe wa silinderi kuri ubu ni igisubizo cyoroshye kandi cyiza kubibazo byo guterwa.
Ingorabahizi, izengurutse uruzitiro, rurerure kandi rugufi rwa silindiri yumutwe wamazi yumusenyi wumusenyi hamwe numuyoboro wamavuta ya silindiri yumucanga bisaba imbaraga nyinshi (harimo nubushyuhe bwo hejuru) hamwe nubukomere, kandi mugihe kimwe bigomba kugenzura ibyuka bya gaze yumucanga wibanze. Ubusanzwe, inzira yumucanga itwikiriwe ikoreshwa cyane. Gukoresha umucanga ceramic bigabanya ingano ya resin kandi bigera ku ngaruka zimbaraga nyinshi no kubyara gaze nkeya. Bitewe no gukomeza kunoza imikorere ya resin n'umucanga mbisi, isanduku ikonje yarushijeho gusimbuza igice cyumusenyi utwikiriwe mumyaka yashize, bitezimbere cyane umusaruro unoze no kuzamura ibidukikije.
2. Gukoresha umucanga wumubumbyi kugirango ukemure ikibazo cyumusenyi wimiterere yumuyaga
Imyuka myinshi ikora munsi yubushyuhe bwo hejuru busimburana igihe kirekire, kandi kurwanya okiside yibikoresho byubushyuhe bwinshi bigira ingaruka mubuzima bwumurimo wa moteri nyinshi. Mu myaka yashize, igihugu cyakomeje kunoza imyuka ihumanya ikirere cy’imodoka, kandi ikoreshwa ry’ikoranabuhanga rya catalitiki n’ikoranabuhanga rya turbucarike ryongereye cyane ubushyuhe bw’akazi bw’imyuka myinshi, igera kuri 750 ° C. Hamwe nogutezimbere imikorere ya moteri, ubushyuhe bwakazi bwimyuka myinshi nayo iziyongera. Kugeza ubu, ibyuma bikoreshwa mu kurwanya ubushyuhe bikoreshwa muri rusange, nka ZG 40Cr22Ni10Si2 (JB / T 13044), n'ibindi, hamwe n'ubushyuhe burwanya ubushyuhe bwa 950 ° C-1100 ° C.
Umuyoboro w'imbere wa moteri nyinshi usabwa muri rusange gusabwa kutagira imvune, gufunga imbeho, kugabanuka kwagati, gushyiramo slag, nibindi bigira ingaruka kumikorere, kandi ubukana bwurwobo rwimbere burasabwa kutarenza Ra25. Muri icyo gihe, hariho amategeko akomeye kandi asobanutse yerekeranye no gutandukana kwuburebure bwurukuta. Kuva kera, ikibazo cyuburebure bwurukuta rutaringaniye hamwe no gutandukana cyane kurukuta rwumuyoboro mwinshi washyize mu majwi inganda nyinshi.
Uruganda rwabanje gukoresha umucanga wa silika rwometse kumusenyi kugirango rutange ibyuma birwanya ubushyuhe. Bitewe n'ubushyuhe bwinshi bwo gusuka (1470-1550 ° C), umusenyi wumusenyi wahinduwe kuburyo bworoshye, bigatuma habaho kutihanganirana mubyimbye byurukuta. Nubwo umucanga wa silika wavuwe hamwe nubushyuhe bwo hejuru bwubushyuhe, bitewe ningaruka ziterwa nibintu bitandukanye, ntibishobora kunesha ihinduka ryimiterere yumucanga mubushyuhe bwinshi, bikavamo ihindagurika ryinshi mubunini bwurukuta rwumuyoboro. , kandi mubihe bikomeye, bizaseswa. Mu rwego rwo kunoza imbaraga zumucanga no kugenzura ibyuka bya gaze yumucanga, hafashwe umwanzuro wo gukoresha umucanga ceramic ceramic. Iyo ingano ya resin yongeweho yari munsi ya 36% ugereranije n’umusenyi utwikiriwe n'umucanga wa silika, ubushyuhe bwicyumba cyacyo cyo kugabanuka hamwe nimbaraga zo kugumya ubushyuhe bwiyongereyeho 51%, 67%, kandi ingufu za gaze zigabanukaho 20%, bihura na gutunganya ibisabwa imbaraga nyinshi no kubyara gaze nkeya.
Uru ruganda rukoresha umucanga wa silika rwometseho umusenyi hamwe numusenyi wubutaka wumucanga wumucanga icyarimwe, nyuma yo koza imyanda, bakora ubugenzuzi bwa anatomique.
Niba intandaro ikozwe mu mucanga wa silika itwikiriwe n'umucanga, casting ifite uburebure bwurukuta rutaringaniye hamwe nurukuta ruto, naho uburebure bwurukuta ni 3.0-6.2 mm; iyo intoki ikozwe mumucanga ceramic ceramic, umuringa wurukuta rwa casting urasa, naho uburebure bwurukuta ni mm 4,4-4,6. nkuko bikurikira
Umucanga wa Silica
Umusenyi wubutaka
Umucanga utwikiriwe n'umucanga ukoreshwa mu gukora ingirangingo, ukuraho kumeneka wumucanga, kugabanya ihinduka ryumusenyi, kunoza cyane uburinganire bwimiterere yumuyoboro wimbere wimbere wimyuka myinshi, kandi bigabanya umucanga uguma mumyanya yimbere, bikazamura ubwiza bwa casting nibicuruzwa byarangiye kandi byageze ku nyungu zubukungu.
3. Gukoresha umucanga ceramic mumazu ya turbocharger
Ubushyuhe bwo gukora kumpera ya turbine ya shell ya turbocharger muri rusange burenga 600 ° C, ndetse bamwe bakagera no kuri 950-1050 ° C. Igikonoshwa gikeneye kwihanganira ubushyuhe bwinshi kandi gifite imikorere myiza yo gukina. Igikonoshwa cyububiko kirahuzagurika, uburebure bwurukuta ruto kandi buringaniye, kandi umwobo wimbere urasukuye, nibindi, birasaba cyane. Kugeza ubu, amazu ya turbocharger muri rusange akozwe mu byuma bitarwanya ubushyuhe (nka 1.4837 na 1.4849 byo mu Budage DIN EN 10295), kandi n’icyuma cyangiza ubushyuhe nacyo kirakoreshwa (nka GGG SiMo yo mu Budage, Umunyamerika bisanzwe-nikel austenitike nodular icyuma D5S, nibindi).
Inzu ya 1.8 T moteri ya turbocharger, ibikoresho: 1.4837, aribyo GX40CrNiSi 25-12, ibigize imiti nyamukuru (%): C: 0.3-0.5, Si: 1-2.5, Cr: 24-27, Mo: Max 0.5, Ni: 11 -14, gusuka ubushyuhe 1560 ℃. Amavuta afite aho ashonga cyane, igipimo kinini cyo kugabanuka, uburyo bukomeye bwo guturika, hamwe ningorabahizi nyinshi. Imiterere ya metallografiya ya casting ifite ibisabwa bikomeye kuri karbide zisigaye hamwe n’ibindi bitari ibyuma, kandi hariho n’amabwiriza yihariye yerekeranye no guta inenge. Kugirango hamenyekane ubuziranenge n’umusaruro wa casting, inzira yo kubumba ifata imyanda yibanze hamwe na firime ikozweho umusenyi (hamwe nagasanduku gakonje hamwe nagasanduku gashyushye). Ku ikubitiro, hakoreshejwe umusenyi wo gushakisha AFS50, hanyuma hakoreshwa umucanga wa silika ukaranze, ariko ibibazo nko gufatira umucanga, burr, kumenagura ubushyuhe, hamwe nu byobo byo mu mwobo w'imbere byagaragaye ku buryo butandukanye.
Hashingiwe ku bushakashatsi no gupima, uruganda rwafashe icyemezo cyo gukoresha umucanga wubutaka. Mu ikubitiro waguze umucanga wuzuye wuzuye (umucanga wa ceramique 100%), hanyuma ugura ibikoresho byo kuvugurura no gutwikira, hanyuma ukomeza kunonosora inzira mugihe cyumusaruro, koresha umucanga ceramique hamwe numucanga usukuye kugirango uvange umucanga mbisi. Kugeza ubu, umucanga utwikiriwe ushyirwa mubikorwa ukurikije imbonerahamwe ikurikira:
| Ceramic yumusenyi utwikiriwe numucanga kumazu ya turbocharger | ||||
| Ingano yumucanga | Igipimo cyumucanga ceramic% | Ongera wongere% | Kunama imbaraga MPa | Ibisohoka gaze ml / g |
| AFS50 | 30-50 | 1.6-1.9 | 6.5-8 | ≤12 |
Mu myaka mike ishize, umusaruro wuru ruganda wagenze neza, ubwiza bwa casting nibyiza, kandi inyungu zubukungu n’ibidukikije ziragaragara. Incamake niyi ikurikira:
a. Gukoresha umucanga wubutaka, cyangwa gukoresha uruvange rwumucanga wumucanga numucanga wa silika kugirango ukore cores, bikuraho inenge nko gufatisha umucanga, gucumura, gutondeka, no guturika kumashanyarazi, kandi ukamenya umusaruro uhamye kandi neza;
b. Gutera cyane, umusaruro mwinshi, igipimo cyumucanga nicyuma (muri rusange ntabwo kirenze 2: 1), gukoresha umucanga muke, nigiciro gito;
c. Gusuka kwingirakamaro bifasha gutunganya muri rusange no kuvugurura umucanga w’imyanda, kandi gutunganya amashyuza bifatwa kimwe kugirango bisubirwemo. Imikorere yumucanga wavuguruwe igeze kurwego rwumucanga mushya wo gushakisha umucanga, ibyo bikaba byaragize ingaruka zo kugabanya igiciro cyo kugura umucanga mbisi no kugabanya imyanda ikomeye;
d. Birakenewe kugenzura kenshi ibiri mumucanga ceramic mumucanga wavuguruwe kugirango umenye ingano yumusenyi mushya wongeyeho;
e. Umusenyi wubutaka ufite imiterere izengurutse, amazi meza, kandi yihariye. Iyo ivanze n'umucanga wa silika, biroroshye gutera amacakubiri. Bibaye ngombwa, inzira yo kurasa umucanga igomba guhinduka;
f. Mugihe utwikiriye firime, gerageza ukoreshe resin yo mu rwego rwo hejuru, kandi ukoreshe inyongeramusaruro zitandukanye witonze.
4. Gukoresha umucanga ceramic muri moteri ya aluminium alloy silinderi umutwe
Mu rwego rwo kuzamura ingufu z’imodoka, kugabanya ikoreshwa rya lisansi, kugabanya umwanda uva mu kirere, no kurengera ibidukikije, imodoka zoroheje nizo zigenda zitera imbere mu nganda z’imodoka. Kugeza ubu, moteri yimodoka (harimo na moteri ya mazutu), nka bisi ya silinderi hamwe nu mutwe wa silinderi, muri rusange baterwa hamwe na aluminiyumu, hamwe nuburyo bwo guteramo ibyuma bya silinderi hamwe n imitwe ya silinderi, mugihe ukoresheje umusenyi wumucanga, ibyuma byerekana imbaraga za rukuruzi hamwe numuvuduko muke gutora (LPDC) nibyo bihagarariye cyane.
Umucanga wumucanga, umusenyi usize hamwe nagasanduku gakonje ka aluminium alloy silinderi yo guhagarika hamwe no guta umutwe birasanzwe, bikwiranye neza cyane kandi binini cyane biranga umusaruro. Uburyo bwo gukoresha umucanga ceramic burasa no gukora silindiri yumutwe. Bitewe n'ubushyuhe buke bwo gusuka hamwe n'uburemere buke bwihariye bwa aluminiyumu, muri rusange hakoreshwa umucanga muke muto, nkumusenyi ukonje wumusenyi ukonje mu ruganda, ingano ya resin yongeweho ni 0.5-0,6%, kandi imbaraga zingana ni 0.8-1.2 MPa. Umusenyi wibanze urakenewe Ifite kugwa neza. Gukoresha umucanga ceramic bigabanya ingano ya resin yongeweho kandi bitezimbere cyane gusenyuka kwumusenyi.
Mu myaka yashize, kugirango tunoze ibidukikije kandi tunoze ireme rya casting, hariho ubushakashatsi bwinshi kandi bukoreshwa muguhuza ibinyabuzima (harimo ikirahure cyamazi cyahinduwe, fosifate, nibindi). Ifoto iri hepfo ni ahantu ho guterera uruganda ukoresheje ceramic ceramic inorganic binder core sand sand aluminium alloy silindiri umutwe.
Uruganda rukoresha umusenyi wa ceramic inorganic binder kugirango rukore intangiriro, kandi ingano yongeweho ni 1.8 ~ 2,2%. Bitewe n'amazi meza yumusenyi wubutaka, intandaro yumucanga ni mwinshi, hejuru yuzuye kandi yoroshye, kandi mugihe kimwe, ingano ya gaze ni nto, itezimbere cyane umusaruro wimyanda, itezimbere kugwa kumusenyi wibanze , atezimbere ibidukikije, kandi ahinduka icyitegererezo cyumusaruro wicyatsi.
Gukoresha umucanga wubutaka mu nganda zikora moteri byateje imbere umusaruro, bitezimbere aho ukorera, bikemura inenge zatewe, kandi bigera ku nyungu zikomeye zubukungu n’inyungu nziza z’ibidukikije.
Inganda zikora moteri zigomba gukomeza kongera kuvugurura umucanga wibanze, kurushaho kunoza imikoreshereze yumucanga wubutaka, no kugabanya imyanda ihumanya.
Urebye ingaruka zikoreshwa nubunini bwikoreshwa, umucanga wubutaka nubu ni ugutera umucanga udasanzwe hamwe nibikorwa byiza byuzuye kandi bikoreshwa cyane mubikorwa byo guta moteri.
Igihe cyo kohereza: Werurwe-27-2023
